feat(errors): platform-wide request ids + error codes + admin inspector

End-to-end error-handling overhaul. A user hitting any failure now sees
a plain-text message + stable error code + reference id. A super admin
can paste the id into /admin/errors/<id> for the full request shape,
sanitized body, error stack, and a heuristic likely-cause hint.

REQUEST CONTEXT (AsyncLocalStorage)
- src/lib/request-context.ts mints a per-request frame carrying
  requestId + portId + userId + method + path + start timestamp.
- withAuth wraps every authenticated handler in runWithRequestContext
  and accepts an upstream X-Request-Id header (validated shape) or
  generates a fresh UUID. The id ALWAYS leaves on the X-Request-Id
  response header, including early-return 401/403/4xx paths.
- Pino logger reads from the same context via mixin — every log
  line emitted during the request automatically carries the ids
  with no per-call threading.

ERROR CODE REGISTRY
- src/lib/error-codes.ts defines stable DOMAIN_REASON codes with
  HTTP status + plain-text user-facing message (no jargon, written
  for the rep on the phone with a customer).
- New CodedError class wraps a registered code + optional
  internalMessage (admin-only — never sent to client).
- Existing AppError subclasses got plain-text default rewrites so
  legacy throw sites improve immediately without migration.
- High-impact services migrated to specific codes:
  expenses (RECEIPT_REQUIRED, INVOICE_LINKED), interest-berths
  (CROSS_PORT_LINK_REJECTED), berth-pdf (PDF_MAGIC_BYTE / PDF_EMPTY /
  PDF_TOO_LARGE / VERSION_ALREADY_CURRENT), recommender
  (INTEREST_PORT_MISMATCH).

ERROR ENVELOPE
- errorResponse always sets X-Request-Id header + requestId field.
- 5xx responses include a "Quote error ID …" friendly line.
- 4xx kept clean (validation, permission, not-found don't pollute
  the inspector — they're already in audit log).

PERSISTENCE (error_events table, migration 0040)
- One row per 5xx, keyed on requestId, with method/path/status/error
  name+message/stack head (4KB cap)/sanitized body excerpt (1KB cap;
  password/token/secret/etc keys redacted)/duration/IP/UA/metadata.
- captureErrorEvent extracts Postgres SQLSTATE/severity/cause.code
  so the classifier can recognize FK / unique / NOT NULL / schema-
  drift violations.
- Failure to persist is logged-not-thrown.

LIKELY-CULPRIT CLASSIFIER (src/lib/error-classifier.ts)
- 4-pass heuristic (first match wins):
  1. Postgres SQLSTATE → human reason (23503 FK, 23505 unique,
     42703 schema drift, 53300 connection limit, …)
  2. Error class name (AbortError, TimeoutError, FetchError,
     ZodError)
  3. Stack-path patterns (/lib/storage/, /lib/email/, documenso,
     openai|claude, /queue/workers/)
  4. Free-text message keywords (econnrefused, rate limit, timeout,
     unauthorized|invalid api key)
- Returns { label, hint, subsystem } for the inspector badge.

CLIENT SIDE
- apiFetch throws structured ApiError with message + code + requestId
  + details + retryAfter.
- toastError() helper renders the standard 3-line toast:
  plain message / Error code: X / Reference ID: Y [Copy ID].

ADMIN INSPECTOR
- /<port>/admin/errors lists captured 5xx with status badge + path +
  likely-culprit badge + truncated message + reference id. Filter by
  status code; auto-refresh via TanStack Query.
- /<port>/admin/errors/<requestId> deep-dive: request shape, full
  error name+message+stack, sanitized body excerpt, raw metadata,
  registered-code lookup (so admin can compare to what user saw),
  likely-culprit hint with subsystem tag.
- /<port>/admin/errors/codes is the in-app code reference page —
  every registered code grouped by domain prefix, searchable, with
  HTTP status + user message inline. Linked from inspector header
  so admins can flip to it while triaging.
- Permission: admin.view_audit_log. Super admins see all ports;
  regular admins port-scoped.
- system-monitoring dashboard now surfaces error_events alongside
  permission_denied audit + queue failed jobs (RecentError gains
  source: 'request' variant).

DOCS
- docs/error-handling.md walks through coded errors, plain-text
  message guidelines, client toasting, admin inspector usage,
  persistence rules, classifier internals, pruning, and the
  legacy → CodedError migration path.

MIGRATION SAFETY
- Audit confirmed all 41 migrations (0000-0040) apply cleanly in
  journal order against an empty DB. 0040 references ports(id)
  which exists from 0000. 0035/0038 don't deadlock under sequential
  psql -f. Removed redundant idx_ds_sent_by from 0038 (created in
  0037).

Tests: 1168/1168 vitest passing. tsc clean.
- security-error-responses tests updated for plain-text messages
  + new optional response keys (code/requestId/message).
- berth-pdf-versions tests assert stable error codes via
  toMatchObject({ code }) rather than message regex.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/lib/api/client.ts

@@ -74,13 +74,57 @@ export async function apiFetch<T = unknown>(url: string, opts: ApiFetchOptions =
 
   if (!res.ok) {
     const error = await res.json().catch(() => ({ error: res.statusText }));
-    throw Object.assign(new Error(error.error ?? 'Request failed'), {
+    // Surface the request id so toasts can display "Error ID: …" and
+    // the user can copy it to a support ticket. Server-side wrappers
+    // always set X-Request-Id, even on early-return 401/403 paths.
+    const requestId = error.requestId ?? res.headers.get('x-request-id') ?? null;
+    throw new ApiError({
+      message: error.error ?? error.message ?? 'Request failed',
       status: res.status,
-      code: error.code,
-      details: error.details,
+      code: error.code ?? null,
+      details: error.details ?? null,
+      requestId,
+      retryAfter: typeof error.retryAfter === 'number' ? error.retryAfter : null,
     });
   }
 
   if (res.status === 204) return undefined as T;
   return res.json() as Promise<T>;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Structured client-side error thrown by `apiFetch`. Carries the stable
+ * fields a toast / error boundary needs to render a useful message:
+ *
+ *   - `message`: plain-text, ready to show to the user
+ *   - `code`:    stable error code from `src/lib/error-codes.ts`
+ *   - `requestId`: paste this to support to find the row in
+ *                  `/admin/errors/<requestId>`
+ *
+ * Mutations should use the `toastError(err)` helper rather than reading
+ * these fields directly — that keeps the toast format consistent.
+ */
+export class ApiError extends Error {
+  status: number;
+  code: string | null;
+  details: unknown;
+  requestId: string | null;
+  retryAfter: number | null;
+
+  constructor(args: {
+    message: string;
+    status: number;
+    code: string | null;
+    details: unknown;
+    requestId: string | null;
+    retryAfter: number | null;
+  }) {
+    super(args.message);
+    this.name = 'ApiError';
+    this.status = args.status;
+    this.code = args.code;
+    this.details = args.details;
+    this.requestId = args.requestId;
+    this.retryAfter = args.retryAfter;
+  }
+}